ABSTRACT
Background: Weather and the susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still a debated question particularly in view of important decisions regarding opening schools. Therefore, we planned this cross-sectional analysis of antiSARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies in children with known household exposure to SARS-CoV-2. This serosurveillance, to find the presence of IgG antibodies among children of probable household exposure of confirmed COVID-19 cases will help in the better understanding of the immune response after COVID-19 infection/exposure. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children among the families who had confirm case/cases of COVID 19 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is designed as a cross-sectional serosurveillance study in Kota, Rajasthan India. Materials and Methods: Population-based serosurveillance among children with probable household exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases who was admitted in Govt. Medical College attached COVID 19 dedicated hospital was carried out during October 2021 to December 2021 using the COVID IgG Antibody Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits. Seropositivity among children was measured and with various other factors to understand the immunity status among COVID-19 cases. Descriptive statistical analysis done. Results: 156/1285 eligible candidates (19.53%) having a total of 251 household contacts of <17 years age group agreed to participate in study while rest of them refused. Anti-SARSCoV-2 IgG antibodies were present in 127/251 household contacts (50.59%). Among them maximum 28.68% of seropositive were from age group 11–17 years age, symptoms were observed in 29.13% IgG positive contacts, maximum seropositivity was seen when only one family member was hospitalized, 63% seropositivity was seen when primary relative of child was hospitalized as compared to secondary. Maximum seroreactivity (55.9%) was seen when the Chest CT score of index case was high, that is, 14–25. max reactivity was observed 76/127 (59.84%) when hospital duration of index case is <1 week. 118/127 (92.91%) of seroreactive children were found when the index case was unvaccinated or partially vaccinated. Conclusion: Seropositivity of 50.59% suggests that all the cases may not have IgG antibodies. Among the seronegative cases, the antibodies either not developed, or are undetectable, or have disappeared during the post COVID period. Seropositivity based on gender difference is statistically not significant. Proportion of positivity shows an increasing trend with increasing age among pediatric household contacts. Complete COVID-19 vaccination is an effective tool to minimize the disease frequency/severity. Severe disease patients with high CT score transmits the infection to household contacts more efficiently. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Asian Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Manipal Colleges of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
Respiratory infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, demonstrate a host genetic component that contributes to inter-individual differences of susceptibility and infection. At present, the relative effect of environmental and genetic factors of COVID-19 is unknown. This research presents a Monte Carlo (MC) estimation of the genetic narrow-sense heritability of COVID-19 infection and severity from AncestryDNA survey data. The results suggest a moderate genetic contribution to COVID-19 infection and a low genetic contribution for COVID-19 severity.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Communicable DiseasesABSTRACT
High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis was used to analyze boeravinone B production in shoot cultures of Boerhaavia diffusa under the influence of different biotic [yeast extract (YE), cellulase (CL)] and abiotic [salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA)] signal molecules at different concentrations. Biomass accumulation and boeravinone B production in shoot cultures raised on agar solidified medium were analysed for a period of 30 days to optimize the suitable age of culture for treatment with signal molecules. A maximum yield of boeravinone B (5.74 %) was obtained after 7 days and therefore treatments were performed at a gap of 3, 6 and 9 days. Signal molecules used at varied concentrations differentially influenced the shoot cultures for biomass regeneration and culture growth. Cellulase treatment (0.5 mgl-1) resulted in maximizing biomass (1.30gm) and boeravinone B content (22.7 %) after 6 days of exposure time as compared to other treatments used in the study. Thus the current study can be exploited further for enhancement of boeravinone B from shoot cultures of Boerhaavia diffusa.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-19 is one of the deadliest pandemics the world has witnessed, taking around 5,049,374 lives till now across worldwide and 459,873 in India. To limit its spread numerous countries have issued many safety measures. Though vaccines are available now, still face mask detection and maintain social distance are the key aspects to prevent from this pandemic. Therefore, authors have proposed a real-time surveillance system that would take the input video feed and check whether the people detected in the video are wearing a mask, this research further monitors the humans for social distancing norms. The proposed methodology involves taking input from a CCTV feed and detecting humans in the frame, using YOLOv5. These detected faces are then processed using Stacked ResNet-50 for classification whether the person is wearing a mask or not, meanwhile, DBSCAN has been used to detect proximities within the persons detected.
ABSTRACT
The need to identify and effectively treat COVID-19 cases at highest risk for severe disease is critical. We identified seven common genetic variants (three novel) that modulate COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, implicating IFNAR2, CCHCR1, TCF19, SLC6A20 and the hyaluronan pathway as potential therapeutic targets. A high genetic burden was strongly associated with increased risk of hospitalization and severe disease among COVID-19 cases, especially among individuals with few known risk factors.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness with influenza-like symptoms that can result in hospitalization or death. We investigated human genetic determinants of COVID-19 risk and severity in 455,838 UK Biobank participants, including 2,003 with COVID-19. Methods. We defined eight COVID-19 phenotypes (including risks of infection, hospitalization and severe disease) and tested these for association with imputed and exome sequencing variants. Results. We replicated prior COVID-19 genetic associations with common variants in the 3p21.31 (in LZTFL1) and 9q34.2 (in ABO) loci. The 3p21.31 locus (rs11385942) was associated with disease severity amongst COVID-19 cases (OR=2.2, P=3x10-5), but not risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection without hospitalization (OR=0.89, P=0.25). We identified two loci associated with risk of infection at P<5x10-8, including a missense variant that tags the epsilon 4 haplotype in APOE (rs429358; OR=1.29, P=9x10-9). The association with rs429358 was attenuated after adjusting for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease status (OR=1.15, P=0.005). Analyses of rare coding variants identified no significant associations overall, either exome-wide or with (i) 14 genes related to interferon signaling and reported to contain rare deleterious variants in severe COVID-19 patients; (ii) 36 genes located in the 3p21.31 and 9q34.2 GWAS risk loci; and (iii) 31 additional genes of immunologic relevance and/or therapeutic potential. Conclusions. Our analyses corroborate the association with the 3p21.31 locus and highlight that there are no rare protein-coding variant associations with effect sizes detectable at current sample sizes. Our full analysis results are publicly available, providing a substrate for meta-analysis with results from other sequenced COVID-19 cases as they become available. Association results are available at https://rgc-covid19.regeneron.com